Fine-grained access control systems determine a user’s access rights—to infrastructure, data, or resources, for example—once past initial authentication. Unlike coarse-grained access control (CGAC), which relies on a single factor, such as role, to grant access, FGAC relies on multiple factors. For example, it may consider policies (policy-based access control, or PBAC), attributes (attribute-based access control, or RBAC), or a user’s behavior in a certain context (behavior-based access
